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In this work. we address the problem of energy-aware routing with distributed energy replenishment. We formulate the problem as an integrated admission control and routing framework by appealing to ideas from PVC SVC routing in the ATM literature. The energy model in this framework allows vastly different energy sources in heterogeneous environments. We have shown that our E-WME algorithm has an asymptotically optimal competitive ratio. which suggests that. in practice. this algorithm can lead to significant improvements in the performance of the network. The algorithm is easy to implement: it requires local short-term energy replenishment information and assumes no knowledge about the statistical information on the packet arrivals. The algorithm can be seamlessly integrated with distance-vector-like proactive routing protocols. and with minor modifications. can also be integrated with on-demand routing protocols. A threshold-based scheme is also introduced to reduce routing overhead while incurring minimum performance degradation.
