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Nanofluids are advanced fluids containing nano-sized particles that have emerged during the last two decades. Nanofluids are used to improve system performance in many thermal engineering systems. This paper presented a review of the applications of nano- fluids in solar thermal engineering. The experimental and numerical studies for solar collectors showed that in some cases. the efficiency could increase remarkably by using nanofluids. Of course. it is found that using a nanofluid with higher volume frac tion always is not the best option (Yousefi et al. [34]). Therefore. it is suggested that the nanofluids in different volume fractions should be tested to find the optimum volume fraction. It is also seen that the available theoretical works give different results on the effects of particle size on the efficiency of the collectors (see Refs. [27.28]). It is worth to carry out an experimental work on the effect of particle size on the collector efficiency. It is also concluded that some factors such as adding surfactant to nanofluid and a suitable selection of the pH of nanofluid are effective in the collector efficiency.
