Novel underground well pattern systems. replacing fracturing reservoir with horizontal wells. were proposed for geothermal energy exploitation in this paper. The most important feature of the well pattern systems was the wholly closed circulation inside the wellbores. Compared to the fractured reservoir system where the fluid flowed in the porous media without a certain flow channel. the closed circulation of the well pattern systems prevented the direct contact. thus the chemical reaction. between the working fluid and the rock surface. Therefore. scaling problem. which was severe in the fractured reservoir system (e.g.. in Hijiori project). was unlikely to occur in the well pattern systems. Moreover. the closed circulation inside the wellbores of the well pattern systems ensured the certain flow direction and overcame the problem of mass flow rate loss which was likely to occur in the fractured reservoir system (e.g.. mass flow rate loss was as high as 37.5% in Rosemanowes project and 45% in Hijiori project).
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