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Chinese oil demand has dropped by about 3 million barrels a day. or 20% of total consumption. as the coronavirus squeezes the economy. according to people with inside knowledge of the country’s energy industry.
The drop is probably the largest demand shock the oil market has suffered since the global financial crisis of 2008 to 2009. and the most sudden since the Sept. 11 attacks. It could force the hand of OPEC and its allies. which are considering an emergency meeting to cut production and staunch the decline in prices.
It is truly a black swan event for the oil market. said John Kilduff. a partner at Again Capital LLC in New York. There was some hope for the demand outlook this year before the outbreak. but that has been knocked off its block. OPEC+ has to react. If there are no further production cuts. there will only be more price losses.
Crude futures fell to one-year lows on Monday as traders reacted to the magnitude of the health crisis in China. Brent. the global oil benchmark. dropped 1.3% to $55.91 a barrel as of 1:53 p.m. in London. West Texas Intermediate declined as much as 2.2%. and traded 0.5% lower at $51.33.
China is the world’s largest oil importer. after surpassing the U.S. in 2016. so any change in consumption has an outsize impact on the global energy market. The country consumes about 14 million barrels a day — equivalent to the combined needs of France. Germany. Italy. Spain. the U.K.. Japan and South Korea.
Chinese and Western oil executives. speaking on condition of anonymity because they aren’t authorized to discuss the matter publicly. said the decline was measured against normal levels for this time of year. It’s a measure of the current drop in demand. rather than the average loss since the crisis started. which would be smaller.
Beijing has locked millions of people in quarantine and the New Year holiday has been extended. Flights have been canceled and authorities across the globe are trying to contain the virus’s spread. Traditionally during the New Year holiday. gasoline and jet-fuel demand increase as hundred of millions go back home. while gasoil consumption drops as industrial activity slows.
The collapse in Chinese oil consumption is starting to reverberate across the global energy market. with sales of some crudes slowing to a crawl and benchmark prices in free-fall. Sales of Latin American oil cargoes to China came to a halt last week. while sales of West African crude. a traditional source for Chinese refineries. are also slower than usual. traders said.
Chinese refineries are storing unsold petroleum products such as gasoline and jet fuel. according to the executives. But stockpiles are growing every day. and some refineries may soon reach their storage limits. If that were to happen. they would have to cut the amount of crude they process. One executive said that refinery runs were likely to be cut soon by 15-20%.
There are signs that’s already happening. Sinopec Group. the nation’s biggest refiner. is in the process of reducing runs at its plants by an average of about 13-15% and will review whether further cuts are needed Feb. 9. according to one of the people. The company declined to comment on its operations.
As many as 18 independent oil refineries may be cutting rates or shutting completely as storage fills up. according to traders familiar with operations at the plants known as teapots. China has as many as 40 of these independent refineries. which are located primarily in the eastern region of Shandong and account for about a quarter of the nation’s processing capacity.
Beyond the headline price for Brent. every other indicator in the physical and derivatives market also points to a weakening market. So-called time-spreads. which measure the price difference between contracts for delivery at different times. have collapsed — an indication that short-term demand is expected to remain weak.
In China. stocks plummeted by the most since an equity bubble burst in 2015 as they resumed trading to the worsening virus outbreak. The CSI 300 Index slumped as much as 9.1% as onshore financial markets opened for the first time since Jan. 23. while the yuan tumbled and crude futures in Shanghai also sank by more than 7%.
OPEC and its allies. which include Russia. are weighing their options to respond to the crisis and there have been discussions about calling an emergency meeting. Saudi Arabia is pressing for a gathering sooner than the one scheduled for March 5-6. though it has run into resistance from Russia. The Saudi and Russian oil ministers spoke on the phone for an hour on Thursday and another 30 minutes on Friday. according to Russians officials.
For now. OPEC has called a technical meeting this week to assess the situation. and the Joint Technical Committee will report back to ministers.
According to consultants at Energy Aspects Ltd.. OPEC is considering an informal proposal to deepen current production curbs by about 500.000 barrels a day. But there’s no consensus on the idea. which was floated by at least one country. As OPEC and its partners are already in the midst of steep cuts. many analysts are skeptical on how much more they’re willing to do.
The most recent agreed reductions only came together after considerable diplomatic wrangling. and Saudi Arabia has already slashed production to the lowest since 2014. Russia. which has become the most important producer in the coalition alongside the kingdom. has typically taken some persuading to sign up to additional cuts. Still. if the alliance does agree to call an early meeting. historic precedent suggests it will probably result in action.
Nothing concentrates a producer’s mind more than the prospect of a crude oil price bust. said Bob McNally. president of Rapidan Energy Group. and a former White House oil official under President George W. Bush.
