To utilize the available resources in an optical network efficiently. the tradeoff between spectral efficiency. DSP hardware complexity. and transparent reach needs to be optimized for different links in the network. Joint coding and modulation schemes offer more freedom to exploit the available four dimensions in these channels than traditional …

Both U.S. crude and Brent have shed more than 30 percent from early October amid swelling global inventories.

NIOC and RIPI signed a contract for the latter to conduct research on gas hydrates in the Sea of Oman.

The company would entrust exploration projects for oil and gas fields to domestic exploration and production (E&.P) companies.

The focus of the new venture will be on opportunities with significant potential for local value creation.

Demand for natural gas in Pakistan has exceeded supply.

That the global energy system is not sustainable is clearly demonstrated by increasingly scarce resources. frequently unstable energy supplies. and climate change.

Researchers at Amirkabir University produced insulating nano-composites using cheap raw material.

Banking transactions between Tehran and Beijing have not been still restarted

Iran and Iraq held a joint economic forum in the Iraq'.s southern province of Basra