Parvin Faghfouri Azar

Russia’s Pipeline Gas Sales to Europe Plunge to 50-Year Low

Russia’s pipeline gas exports to Europe collapsed by 44% in 2025, falling to their lowest level since the mid-1970s, according to Reuters calculations. The drop marks the clearest statistical endpoint yet for what was once Moscow’s most lucrative and politically potent energy relationship. The decline was driven primarily by the …

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Green Hydrogen’s Uncertain Future

During the Covid-19 pandemic, when oil prices fell to a record low, governments and energy companies worldwide began to shift their focus to green alternatives. Many governments introduced ambitious climate pledges and introduced decarbonisation targets, encouraging industries to explore ways to cut carbon. One of the most promising energies for …

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